Description
A Bone Biopsy is a specialized laboratory procedure where a sample of bone tissue is examined under a microscope. It is used to diagnose bone cancers, severe bone infections (osteomyelitis), or metabolic bone disorders.
Unlike soft tissues, bone is hardened by calcium. Before a pathologist can slice a bone biopsy thin enough to look through with a microscope, the sample must undergo a specialized laboratory step called “decalcification.” This process uses mild acids to remove the calcium, softening the bone while preserving the delicate cellular architecture inside.
Clinical Significance:
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Tumor Diagnosis: Differentiates between primary bone cancers (like osteosarcoma), benign bone tumors, or cancers that have metastasized (spread) to the bone from other organs.
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Infection and Disease: Helps diagnose stubborn bone infections or conditions like Paget’s disease.
Sample Requirements:
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Specimen: Bone fragment or core.
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Container: Specimen jar containing 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin.
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Preparation: Usually performed by an orthopedic surgeon or interventional radiologist using a specialized drill or biopsy needle under imaging guidance.
